first paper is tml..n 2nd paper too...
all memorizing work..hate it..
12 daes left!!
Click On >>
all memorizing work..hate it..
12 daes left!!
10 ten star awards?!!?
Tuesday, November 14, 2006
ALERT NEWS!!!
GALS!!!!
TOP 10 FOOD FOR A FLAT BELLY!!!
1)Almond-contain protein, fiber, energy-creating magnesium, and vitamin E a powerful disease-fighting antioxidant. The magnesium also helps regulate the levels of sugar in our blood, which will ward off cravings for food.
(argh..i onli like roasted almd in chocolate..how!!)
2)Eggs. The best protein source of 'em all. They provide essential "amino acids," proteins used by our bodies to create muscle fibers, brain chemicals and a bunch of other healthy material. recom 1 egg a dae!!
(i onli like certain kind of eggs how!!)
3)Apples. Overweight women who added to their diets three apples or pears a day for three months shed more pounds than women who had the same diets but ate oat cookies rather than fruits.Meyer suggests an apple or two a day, especially Red Delicious, Cortland and Northern Spy varieties with the highest antioxidant activity.
(grr...it;s not my fav..i prefer water melon can..? will i get shui zhong..)
4) Soy. Meyer recommends roasted soybeans for snacks, shelled edamame in soups, and mixing tofu into a "smoothie."
(i like tofu!! i love it infact!!)
5)Berries. Loaded with fiber. Health experts recommend between 25 and 35 grams of fiber a day, which allows our bodies to absorb fewer calories from other foods. Meyer recommends at least a half cup daily, which is 30 calories, of raspberries, blueberries, strawberries, boysenberries, gooseberries and black currants.
(hmm...rebina to substitute can?)
6)Leafy green vegetables. Meyer's kudos go to spinach, broccoli, arugula and broccoli.
(cucumbers? cabbages? plsss)
7)Yogurt. People who get calcium from yogurt rather than other dairy sources or supplements may lose more weight in the belly, suggests a recent study in the International Journal of Obesity. Healthy bacteria in most yogurts help keep our digestive systems in working shape.
(ok can..i will love it fr now on..)
8) Vegetable soup. People who eat broth-based or low-fat, cream-based soups twice daily lose weight more easily than people who consume the same amount of calories in snacks. Soup fans also maintain a total weight loss of 16 pounds after one year.
(huh? mmy more vege soup pls!!)
9)Seafood, especially "fatty fish" like salmon, tuna and mackerel, which are packed with omega-3 fatty acids that may help promote the burning of fat. An Australian study suggested that people who ate fish daily improved their glucose-insulin response, which helps folks avoid cravings.
(tuna!! ok many many tuna bread for bfast!!!lucky not crab not clams not oyster!!)
10)Quinoa. A whole grain that contains five grams of fiber and 11 grams of protein per half cup. Pronounce it KEEN-wah. It has a nutty flavor and "crunchy-yet-chewy" texture, said Meyer, who recommends at least one-half cup serving.
(...................skip...........................)
taken fr http://nubella.com/content/view/1925/44/ !!!
i will love these 10 top food!!!!
Click On >>
GALS!!!!
TOP 10 FOOD FOR A FLAT BELLY!!!
1)Almond-contain protein, fiber, energy-creating magnesium, and vitamin E a powerful disease-fighting antioxidant. The magnesium also helps regulate the levels of sugar in our blood, which will ward off cravings for food.
(argh..i onli like roasted almd in chocolate..how!!)
2)Eggs. The best protein source of 'em all. They provide essential "amino acids," proteins used by our bodies to create muscle fibers, brain chemicals and a bunch of other healthy material. recom 1 egg a dae!!
(i onli like certain kind of eggs how!!)
3)Apples. Overweight women who added to their diets three apples or pears a day for three months shed more pounds than women who had the same diets but ate oat cookies rather than fruits.Meyer suggests an apple or two a day, especially Red Delicious, Cortland and Northern Spy varieties with the highest antioxidant activity.
(grr...it;s not my fav..i prefer water melon can..? will i get shui zhong..)
4) Soy. Meyer recommends roasted soybeans for snacks, shelled edamame in soups, and mixing tofu into a "smoothie."
(i like tofu!! i love it infact!!)
5)Berries. Loaded with fiber. Health experts recommend between 25 and 35 grams of fiber a day, which allows our bodies to absorb fewer calories from other foods. Meyer recommends at least a half cup daily, which is 30 calories, of raspberries, blueberries, strawberries, boysenberries, gooseberries and black currants.
(hmm...rebina to substitute can?)
6)Leafy green vegetables. Meyer's kudos go to spinach, broccoli, arugula and broccoli.
(cucumbers? cabbages? plsss)
7)Yogurt. People who get calcium from yogurt rather than other dairy sources or supplements may lose more weight in the belly, suggests a recent study in the International Journal of Obesity. Healthy bacteria in most yogurts help keep our digestive systems in working shape.
(ok can..i will love it fr now on..)
8) Vegetable soup. People who eat broth-based or low-fat, cream-based soups twice daily lose weight more easily than people who consume the same amount of calories in snacks. Soup fans also maintain a total weight loss of 16 pounds after one year.
(huh? mmy more vege soup pls!!)
9)Seafood, especially "fatty fish" like salmon, tuna and mackerel, which are packed with omega-3 fatty acids that may help promote the burning of fat. An Australian study suggested that people who ate fish daily improved their glucose-insulin response, which helps folks avoid cravings.
(tuna!! ok many many tuna bread for bfast!!!lucky not crab not clams not oyster!!)
10)Quinoa. A whole grain that contains five grams of fiber and 11 grams of protein per half cup. Pronounce it KEEN-wah. It has a nutty flavor and "crunchy-yet-chewy" texture, said Meyer, who recommends at least one-half cup serving.
(...................skip...........................)
taken fr http://nubella.com/content/view/1925/44/ !!!
i will love these 10 top food!!!!
15 n less
Monday, November 13, 2006
15 more daes to freedom...have to start counting down again...
there's 3 papers in 2 daes this week..thur 2 n fri 1..
i wish i could turn the clock faster n end everything soon!!
but time is alreadi passing faster than i hv expected! holimoli!!
n off to CHINA 3 more sat!! cold cold snow wait for me!!
Click On >>
there's 3 papers in 2 daes this week..thur 2 n fri 1..
i wish i could turn the clock faster n end everything soon!!
but time is alreadi passing faster than i hv expected! holimoli!!
n off to CHINA 3 more sat!! cold cold snow wait for me!!
extra time?
Saturday, November 11, 2006
had a gd time at hark's cafe.
but guilty to play when i got no time to finish my study!
how!
praying...
Click On >>
but guilty to play when i got no time to finish my study!
how!
praying...
anythng u like
Thursday, November 09, 2006
there's nth for me to blog abt..excpet that recently my life revolves ard with 'ppl' like bernoulli tan, navier goh, euler ng, stoke lim, weibull leong and so on.
main discussion will be on reliability on the boundary layers, and apply FMEA on N-S or using some control chart to find error variance on factors such as laminar or turbulent flow..
opps...seems like i got my facts all mix up..
bless me
Click On >>
main discussion will be on reliability on the boundary layers, and apply FMEA on N-S or using some control chart to find error variance on factors such as laminar or turbulent flow..
opps...seems like i got my facts all mix up..
bless me
kiss queen
Saturday, November 04, 2006
happen to see 1 of landy's mtv..very nice song...wish me happi b dae aka zhu wo sheng ri kuai le...
n thru out the mtv, for abt 2 min, there's more than 10 kissing scenes!!!
the first begin at 2.12min..haaa
think is a continuation of the previous kiss..hoho..
12 in total.....
Click On >>
n thru out the mtv, for abt 2 min, there's more than 10 kissing scenes!!!
the first begin at 2.12min..haaa
think is a continuation of the previous kiss..hoho..
12 in total.....
frens 4 eva
who needs love when u have frens!
a song dedicated to all my frens out there!!
第一次见面看你不太顺眼
谁知道后来关系那么密切
我们一个像夏天一个像秋天
却总能把冬天变成了春天
你拖我离开一场爱的风雪
我背你逃出一次梦的锻炼
遇见一个人然后生命全改变
原来不是恋爱才有的情节
如果不是你我不会相信
朋友比情人还死心塌地
就算我忙恋爱把你冷冻结冰
你也不会恨我只是骂我几句
如果不是你我不会确定
朋友比情人更懂得倾听
我的胸怀志意我的有口无心
我离不开darling更离不开你
你拖我离开一场爱的风雪
我背你逃出一次梦的锻炼
遇见一个人然后生命全改变
原来不是恋爱才有的情节
如果不是你我不会相信
朋友比情人还死心塌地
就算我忙恋爱把你冷冻结冰
你也不会恨我只是骂我几句
如果不是你我不会确定
朋友比情人更懂得倾听
我的胸怀志意我的有口无心
我离不开darling更离不开你
你了解我所有得意的东西
拆穿我留些意怕我忘形
你知道我所有丢脸的事情
却为我的美好形像保密
如果不是你我不会相信
朋友比情人还死心塌地
就算我忙恋爱把你冷冻结冰
你也不会恨我只是骂我几句
如果不是你我不会确定
朋友比情人更懂得倾听
我的胸怀志意我的有口无心
我离不开darling更离不开你
by fan fan
Click On >>
a song dedicated to all my frens out there!!
第一次见面看你不太顺眼
谁知道后来关系那么密切
我们一个像夏天一个像秋天
却总能把冬天变成了春天
你拖我离开一场爱的风雪
我背你逃出一次梦的锻炼
遇见一个人然后生命全改变
原来不是恋爱才有的情节
如果不是你我不会相信
朋友比情人还死心塌地
就算我忙恋爱把你冷冻结冰
你也不会恨我只是骂我几句
如果不是你我不会确定
朋友比情人更懂得倾听
我的胸怀志意我的有口无心
我离不开darling更离不开你
你拖我离开一场爱的风雪
我背你逃出一次梦的锻炼
遇见一个人然后生命全改变
原来不是恋爱才有的情节
如果不是你我不会相信
朋友比情人还死心塌地
就算我忙恋爱把你冷冻结冰
你也不会恨我只是骂我几句
如果不是你我不会确定
朋友比情人更懂得倾听
我的胸怀志意我的有口无心
我离不开darling更离不开你
你了解我所有得意的东西
拆穿我留些意怕我忘形
你知道我所有丢脸的事情
却为我的美好形像保密
如果不是你我不会相信
朋友比情人还死心塌地
就算我忙恋爱把你冷冻结冰
你也不会恨我只是骂我几句
如果不是你我不会确定
朋友比情人更懂得倾听
我的胸怀志意我的有口无心
我离不开darling更离不开你
by fan fan
chap 11
Thursday, November 02, 2006
chap 11:radiography
*x ray n gamma ray used
* very high frequency, short wavelength
*electro-magnetic radiation
*x-ray: formed by bombarding a metal target material with a stream of high velocity.
*gamma-ray: emitted as part of a deay process of radioactive substances.
11.2: eddy current:
*test equipment- generator, test coiled, recording qupipment
*an electromagnetic testing technique
.........
.......
...
..
.
*x ray n gamma ray used
* very high frequency, short wavelength
*electro-magnetic radiation
*x-ray: formed by bombarding a metal target material with a stream of high velocity.
*gamma-ray: emitted as part of a deay process of radioactive substances.
11.2: eddy current:
*test equipment- generator, test coiled, recording qupipment
*an electromagnetic testing technique
.........
.......
...
..
.
chap 10
chap 10: Detection of surface and subsurface defects
*3 mthd:
1)Visual inspection
a)using naked eye
b)optical aids
-small lens , pen torch
c) industrial telescope
-tv camera
d) in sito metallography
2)Magnetic partical process
-use electromagnetic waves and particles
-magnetic lines of forces are predominattly inside the material
-with defects, field is distorted, local magnetic flux leakage field.
- fine ferromagnetic particles applied to the surfaces of the test piece will be attractred by the flux leakages field and accumulate at the defect site.
-build-up particles can be seen by naked eyes
-magnetic line are always at right angle to the direction of the current flowing in a conductor.-right hand rule!!
*sensitivity
-highly.able to detect as little as 0.001mm
*factors affecting sensitivity:
a)orientation of the defect
b)shape and chartic of the nagetic particles
c) sensitiviy increases eith the increasing field strength
*limitation:
a)material must be able to be strongly magnetized
b)onli surface, not internal defects.
3)liquid penetrant process
step1: surface preparation
step2: application od penetrant
step3: removal of excess
step4:development
step5:observation and inspection.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click On >>
*3 mthd:
1)Visual inspection
a)using naked eye
b)optical aids
-small lens , pen torch
c) industrial telescope
-tv camera
d) in sito metallography
2)Magnetic partical process
-use electromagnetic waves and particles
-magnetic lines of forces are predominattly inside the material
-with defects, field is distorted, local magnetic flux leakage field.
- fine ferromagnetic particles applied to the surfaces of the test piece will be attractred by the flux leakages field and accumulate at the defect site.
-build-up particles can be seen by naked eyes
-magnetic line are always at right angle to the direction of the current flowing in a conductor.-right hand rule!!
*sensitivity
-highly.able to detect as little as 0.001mm
*factors affecting sensitivity:
a)orientation of the defect
b)shape and chartic of the nagetic particles
c) sensitiviy increases eith the increasing field strength
*limitation:
a)material must be able to be strongly magnetized
b)onli surface, not internal defects.
3)liquid penetrant process
step1: surface preparation
step2: application od penetrant
step3: removal of excess
step4:development
step5:observation and inspection.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ultrasonic testing
chap 8: ultrasonic testing
*the larger the defect sizr, the lower is the actual fracture stress.
Defects come fr:
1) during manuf.
2)during service- eg. fatigue cracks, corrision cracks
*Standardize testing to access mech prop of material:
-tensile testing
-charpy v-norch testing
-Klc testing
2 limitation:
a)r dectructive
b) not suitable for accessing components
*NDT adv:
- improve safety
-cost saving
-------------------------------------------------------------
8.2 basic of US testing
ultrasonic is:
- elastic waves
-audible range is more than 20Khz
how to detect US?
-electrical field will be creasted in a piezo-electric crystal if it is strained
-a tranducer for sound generation will also detected sound.
-us is transmitted as a series of pulse of extremely short duration.
-crystal acts as both transmitter and receiver.
how to detect dfect?
-US pulse travel n strike a defect.
-it will be reflected much as light or radar pulses are reflected when they strike an obj.
-reflected pulse is an echo.
*top surface echo and bottom echo. --- detet defecct
= vel given
= dist btw prode n defect detected
== time can be cal
-------------------------------------------------------------------
8.3 US waves
various type:
-compression wave-> partical motion is along the line of the dirn of travel of the wave.
-transverse wave-> ptc move at right angle to the dirn of the travel of the wave.
comp vel: Vc
trans Vel: Vs
*wavelength and detectable defecr size:
-sound wave will onli be reflected effectively by objs which ahv dimension = or greater than the wavelength of the radiation.
hIGH Sensitivity is always gd:
-No!!
-Senvty incrase by incraseing freq.
-large grain size,might cause echo, may mask the presence of defects.
high freq suitable for fine-grained wrough mat.
*Probe type:
1)Normal probe
-transmit comp wave at right angle to material surface.
2)angle probe:
-transmit shear wave at an angle into test material.
*Inspection technique:
1)Normal Probe reflection mthd:
2)Normal probe transmission mthd:
-strength of signal reach receiver.
-if got defects, strength will reduce because of the partial reflection of the pulse by the defects.
3)Angle probe relfection mthd:
-defects detect using 1 angle in the reflection mode
4)angle probe transmission mth:
-parallel surface needed
-2 probes need to be mounted in a jig so taht they are always at the correctr sepeartion distance.
Click On >>
*the larger the defect sizr, the lower is the actual fracture stress.
Defects come fr:
1) during manuf.
2)during service- eg. fatigue cracks, corrision cracks
*Standardize testing to access mech prop of material:
-tensile testing
-charpy v-norch testing
-Klc testing
2 limitation:
a)r dectructive
b) not suitable for accessing components
*NDT adv:
- improve safety
-cost saving
-------------------------------------------------------------
8.2 basic of US testing
ultrasonic is:
- elastic waves
-audible range is more than 20Khz
how to detect US?
-electrical field will be creasted in a piezo-electric crystal if it is strained
-a tranducer for sound generation will also detected sound.
-us is transmitted as a series of pulse of extremely short duration.
-crystal acts as both transmitter and receiver.
how to detect dfect?
-US pulse travel n strike a defect.
-it will be reflected much as light or radar pulses are reflected when they strike an obj.
-reflected pulse is an echo.
*top surface echo and bottom echo. --- detet defecct
= vel given
= dist btw prode n defect detected
== time can be cal
-------------------------------------------------------------------
8.3 US waves
various type:
-compression wave-> partical motion is along the line of the dirn of travel of the wave.
-transverse wave-> ptc move at right angle to the dirn of the travel of the wave.
comp vel: Vc
trans Vel: Vs
*wavelength and detectable defecr size:
-sound wave will onli be reflected effectively by objs which ahv dimension = or greater than the wavelength of the radiation.
hIGH Sensitivity is always gd:
-No!!
-Senvty incrase by incraseing freq.
-large grain size,might cause echo, may mask the presence of defects.
high freq suitable for fine-grained wrough mat.
*Probe type:
1)Normal probe
-transmit comp wave at right angle to material surface.
2)angle probe:
-transmit shear wave at an angle into test material.
*Inspection technique:
1)Normal Probe reflection mthd:
2)Normal probe transmission mthd:
-strength of signal reach receiver.
-if got defects, strength will reduce because of the partial reflection of the pulse by the defects.
3)Angle probe relfection mthd:
-defects detect using 1 angle in the reflection mode
4)angle probe transmission mth:
-parallel surface needed
-2 probes need to be mounted in a jig so taht they are always at the correctr sepeartion distance.
mp4f01- MAT ENGINEERING
future MAE students pls do not take F01 as ur PE UNLESS u r crazily in love with Material Engineering. =)
Chap 7: Review of steel
4 types of corrosion:
1) Galvanic corrision
-occurs when 2 metal or alloys having diff composition electrically coupled
2)Pitting
-holes form
3)Stress corrossion cracking (SCC)
-combination of tensile stress and particular type of corrision enmt
4) Intergranular Corrision
-solute atoms segregate to the grain boundaries
-auste&ferri IG corr: segregation of C to the grain boundaries
- Cr depletion--->senstized
How to protect stainless steel fr IG corr.?
1) Heat treament to dissolve cr carbides
2)lower C below 0.03%
3)allow stainless steels with Nb or Ti to form carbides--->Cr remian in soln
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1)HSLA- low alloy
2) Tool Steel - High alloy
3) stainless S. - high alloy
alloying elements added for:
1)to increase strength
-sss
-ppc hrdening
-refine grain size
2)improve hardenability
-to incrse depth
3)to give corr resist.
-stainless steeel: cr
4)gve special properties
-add mo,v,w
----------------------------------------------------------------
R efining grain Sizr:
-increase the yield stress
-increase toughness
-reduction in creep resistance
7.3 driving force for microstructual chges
3 basic concepts:
a)there must be driving force for changes to occur
b)a route that process can follow
c)driving force means: work or energy ====== Wf = mgh (decrease of potential energy)
Driving force for grain growth:
-grain boundary energy tied up in a polycrystalline material works to give a driving force for grain coarsening.
Driving force for ppl coarsening:
-many steels dpend for their strength on a dispersion of fine 2nd-phase particles (ppc hdning)
*during coarsening small ppc shrink; large ppc grow at the expense of the small ppc. #diffusion#
#Shapes of ppc:
-when boundary energy is the dominant factor-shape of ppc is SPHERICAL.
*structual change:
mechsm of the transformation will affect the shapes. eg, eutectoid reaction.
*nucleatiom in steels:
-in steels, new phase usually HETEROGENUOUSLY ON HIGH ENERGY DEFECTS.
..........................................................................................................................................
Click On >>
Chap 7: Review of steel
4 types of corrosion:
1) Galvanic corrision
-occurs when 2 metal or alloys having diff composition electrically coupled
2)Pitting
-holes form
3)Stress corrossion cracking (SCC)
-combination of tensile stress and particular type of corrision enmt
4) Intergranular Corrision
-solute atoms segregate to the grain boundaries
-auste&ferri IG corr: segregation of C to the grain boundaries
- Cr depletion--->senstized
How to protect stainless steel fr IG corr.?
1) Heat treament to dissolve cr carbides
2)lower C below 0.03%
3)allow stainless steels with Nb or Ti to form carbides--->Cr remian in soln
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1)HSLA- low alloy
2) Tool Steel - High alloy
3) stainless S. - high alloy
alloying elements added for:
1)to increase strength
-sss
-ppc hrdening
-refine grain size
2)improve hardenability
-to incrse depth
3)to give corr resist.
-stainless steeel: cr
4)gve special properties
-add mo,v,w
----------------------------------------------------------------
R efining grain Sizr:
-increase the yield stress
-increase toughness
-reduction in creep resistance
7.3 driving force for microstructual chges
3 basic concepts:
a)there must be driving force for changes to occur
b)a route that process can follow
c)driving force means: work or energy ====== Wf = mgh (decrease of potential energy)
Driving force for grain growth:
-grain boundary energy tied up in a polycrystalline material works to give a driving force for grain coarsening.
Driving force for ppl coarsening:
-many steels dpend for their strength on a dispersion of fine 2nd-phase particles (ppc hdning)
*during coarsening small ppc shrink; large ppc grow at the expense of the small ppc. #diffusion#
#Shapes of ppc:
-when boundary energy is the dominant factor-shape of ppc is SPHERICAL.
*structual change:
mechsm of the transformation will affect the shapes. eg, eutectoid reaction.
*nucleatiom in steels:
-in steels, new phase usually HETEROGENUOUSLY ON HIGH ENERGY DEFECTS.
..........................................................................................................................................
EXPRESSION
Wednesday, November 01, 2006
CRY OUT LOUD!!
LAUGH OUT LOUD!!
SHOUT OUT LOUD!!
AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
Click On >>
LAUGH OUT LOUD!!
SHOUT OUT LOUD!!
AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
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